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Heqanakht papyri
The Heqanakht papyri or Heqanakht letters (also spelled Hekanakht) are a group of papyri dating to the early Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt that were found in the tomb complex of Vizier Ipi. Their find was located in the burial chamber of a servant named Meseh, which was to the right side of the courtyard of Ipi's burial complex. It is believed that the papyri were accidentally mixed into debris used to form a ramp to push the coffin of Meseh into the chamber. The papyri contain letters and accounts written by (or on behalf of) Heqanakht, a ka-priest of Ipi. Heqankht himself was obliged to stay in the Theban area (probably because of his responsibilities in the necropolis), and thus wrote letters to his family, probably located somewhere near the capital of Egypt at that time, near the Faiyum. These letters and accounts were somehow lost and thus preserved. The significance of the papers is that they give rare and valuable information about lives of ordinary members of the lower upper class of Egypt during this period.
== Scholarship ==
These papyri have been published and discussed several times.〔J. Cerny, ''Journal of World History'' 1 (1954): 903-921; T. G. H. James, ''The Hekanakht Papers'' (1962; important review by K. Baer, ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'' 83 (1963): 1-19); E. F. Wente, ''Letters from Ancient Egypt'' (1990); M. Silver, ''Economic Structures of Antiquity'' (1995); J. P. Allen, ''The Heqanakht Papyri'' (2002)〕 Cerny and Baer dwelt on economic and social issues, relating to land tenure, land ownership, monetary units and similar topics. Silver discussed macro and micro aspects of the commodity wages paid to estate workers, and other commodity monetary transactions cited in the Heqanakht papers. James and Allen prepared complete translations with commentaries, while Wente offered translations. The materials allowed people to understand both domestic squabbles and household management during that time.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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